the effect of temperature and injection rate during water flooding using carbonate core samples: an experimental approach

in many reservoirs, after water flooding, a large volume of oil is still left behind. hot water injection is the most basic type of thermal recovery which increase recovery by improved sweep efficiency and thermal expansion of crude.in the present work, the effects of injection rate and the temperature of the injected water were surveyed by using core flooding apparatus. water flooding was performed at different rates (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 cc/min) and temperatures (20 and 90 °c), and the reservoir temperature was about 63 °c. oil recovery during hot water injection was more than water injection. moreover, it was concluded that at injection rates of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 cc/min breakthrough time in hot water injection occurred 10 min later in comparison to water injection. the results showed that higher oil recovery and longer breakthrough time were obtained as a result of reducing injection rate. in the first 50 minutes, the oil recovery at injection rates of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 cc/min was 27.5, 34, and 46% respectively. it was found that at the beginning of injection, thermal and non-thermal injection recovery factors are approximately equal. moreover, according to the results, recovery factor at the lowest rate in hot water (t=90 °c and q=0.2 cc/min) is the best condition to obtain the highest recovery.